适合中国的资源和环境的直接还原新技术

2013-08-01   作者：佚名   网友评论 0 条

中国传统炼铁工业目前面临的环境及市场困境
The environment and market difficulty of traditional iron-making industry at present

MIDREX® 工艺介绍
MIDREX® process introduction

新的适合中国资源与环境的直接还原技术
The new MIDREX® direct reduction technology that is suitable for Chinese raw material resource and environment

1 The environment and market difficulty of traditional iron-making industry at present
中国传统炼铁工业目前面临的环境及市场困境
1.1  the environmental awareness of  the public become stronger and stronger with the developing of the life standard
随着生活水平的提高，人们的环保意识增强。
1.2  the pollution problem deteriorated to very severe situation, it starts to bring directly influence on the common life of people.
污染问题越来越严重，已直接影响到人们的日常生活。
1.3  the steel industry is a high energy consumption and high pollution industry.
钢铁行业是高能耗高污染行业。
1.4  It is impossible to be permitted  by government to build  a new BF in the area near the big city nowadays
在大城市已不允许再新建高炉。
1.5  Small BF face the environment and cost pressure
小高炉面临环境和成本双重压力 

1.6  Close small BF and build big BF isn’t the only answer
拆小高炉建大高炉并不适于所有企业 

2 MIDREX® technology can retain their raw material advantage
MIDREX ®能保持小高炉对原料适应性的优势 

 小高炉Small B MIDREX®

3 MIDREX® can improve the grade of final products
MIDREX ®还能提高钢铁厂终产品质量档次 

4 MIDREX® process introduction
MIDREX® 工艺介绍
4.1 World’s leading direct reduction process: market share of ~60% or higher since 1984.
世界领先的直接还原技术：从1984年起，占有60%以上的市场份额
4.2Natural gas-based DR Market share was ~80% in 2009 / 2010.
以天然气为基础的直接还原铁的市场份额超过80%
4.3Cumulative production of 640 million tons of DRI through 2010.
到2010年为止，直接还原铁总产量超过6.4亿吨
4.4 2010/2011 world DRI production:
2010/2011年世界直接还原铁市场: 
 

4.5 New  MIDREX® plants since 2006
自2006年以来建设的MIDREX®工厂
 

4.6 The production rate increasing trend
世界直接还原铁产量增长趋势

5 The application of MIDREX® products in steel plant
MIDREX® 工艺产品在钢铁厂的应用
Direct Reduced Iron is Iron Oxide that has been   reduced (oxygen removed) to metallic iron without melting.
直接还原铁（DRI）是不经过熔化而直接还原形成的高金属化率的铁。
MIDREX®DRI is the world standard for high quality, highly metallic direct reduced iron.
MIDREX®DRI是高品质、高金属化率直接还原铁的世界标准。

5.1 DRI use in Steelmaking
      直接还原铁用于冶炼
Cold DRI, Hot DRI and Hot Briquetted Iron are premium feed materials for electric arc furnaces (EAF) to provide high quality of final products for its lower impurities content. HBI is a well known and proven coolant substitute for scrap to basic oxygen furnaces (BOF). HBI remarkably improves the productivity and fuel efficiency of blast furnaces  in plants with low BF capacity.
       DRI、热压铁块和热DRI是电弧炉的优质炉料，因其杂质含量低从而能提高产品质量。HBI是众所周知和已实践的替代废钢的转炉冷料 在高炉产能不能满足下游需求时，热压铁块加入高炉能显著提高高炉的产量和降低燃料比。
Along the develop of Chinese steel industry,the proportion of high grade steel products will definitely increase. DRI has much lower impurities than scrap(copper, zinc, etc), use it to substitute scrap can improve the quality of final products, So the market demand of HBI and DRI will also increase in future. The estimate demand amount of HBI and DRI in China will increase to   above 20 million ton in next 10 years.
        随着我国钢铁工业的发展，高端钢铁产品的比例将逐渐提高，对高质原料HBI和DRI的需求量也会逐渐增大，今后十年直接还原铁的需求量将增涨到2000万吨。
The Pig iron market scale is about 23 million ton in 2012, these mostly are produced by small BF. Pig iron isn’t a feasible raw material of steel making if considering energy efficiency. Its market will be substituted by scrap and HBI、DRI soon. 
       生铁2012年中国市场规模达到2300万吨，主要由小高炉生产。铁水铸成生铁炼钢再化铁的能源利用效率明显不经济， 今后生铁的市场必定被废钢和直接还原铁取代。
 

5.2 MIDREX ® Process-Natural Gas
      天然气MIDREX ®工艺
80% world DRI is made in MIDREX NG plant.
      世界上80%的直接还原铁是用MIDREX天然气工厂生产的。
 

MIDREX ® Process-Natural Gas

5.3 Typical Chemistry of MIDREX ® Iron
       直接还原铁的典型化学成分

6 Where iron is made?
       钢铁厂世界分布
Eastern Aisa:706 million tons of hot metal
Rest of world:310 million tons of hot metal,70 Mt of DRI

7 The ratio of DRI in total iron production in the “rest of the world”                           
直接还原铁占除亚洲外总铁产量的比例
In the “rest of the world” DRI is almost one-fifth of all iron produced…
        在除亚洲外其它地区直接还原铁达到总钢铁产量的五分之一
8 Why is there almost no gas base DR plant in China
为什么气基直接还原未能在中国发展？
Insufficient and expensive natural gas resource in most area of China.

        
       中国大部份地区天然气资源不足且价格昂贵。
The high standard steel material still only occupy very small portion of total steel production, for these low quality production like rebar, there is no need to strictly control its composition , then there is no need to use HBI as its raw material.
       高等级钢材生产所占比例低，低等级钢材对钢铁料的质量要求不高。
9 The new direct reduction technology that is suitable to Chinese raw material resource and environment
新的适合中国资源与环境的直接还原技术
9.1 MIDREX ® start to develop utilizing syngas 
        MIDREX ® 考虑使用合成气来生产DRI
MIDREX ® started to evaluate the utilization of syngas to reduce iron ore in MIDREX ® Shaft Furnace in the 1970s.
       米德雷克思在1970年代开始考虑采用煤气化技术生产还原气用于竖炉。
Because the NG is not a good long term solution in China, so MIDREX come to China with Gas sources include syngas, COG。
        因为中国使用天然气生产DRI长期看不现实，因此我们竖炉已开发出使用合成气，焦炉煤气的应用技术。
The coal gasify process is suggested as a environmental solution to utilize the coal, it is a mature technology in chemical industry, there is long history and sufficient experience in China, it is  feasible in resource, technology and economic and reliable to utilize the syngas as the source of reduction gas.
        中国天然气资源不足，但煤炭资源丰富，煤气化被广泛 推荐为一项清洁应用煤炭的技术，已在化工行业长期使用，用其生产还原气在资源储备，经济效益，技术可靠性方面都无任何问题。
9.2 MIDREX and PRAXAIR ® has developed a new MXCOL ® process
MIDREX ®和PRAXAIR ®已开发出焦炉煤气用于生产DRI工艺 
This new Thermal Reactor System uses innovative partial oxidation technology to convert hydrocarbons (like COG) into high quality, high temperature syngas for Direct Reduction 
        热反应器系统利用创新的不完全氧化技术将碳氢化合物（如COG）转换为高质量高温度的合成气，以用于直接还原反应。

9.3 The first commercial syngas MIDREX ® plant is south Africa Arcelor Mittal MIDREX ® plant
      首先实施的合成气用于生产DRI的工艺是COREX® 输出煤气
A MIDREX ® Plant using Syngas from a COREX ? plant has been in operation since 1999.
      使用COREX ® 输出煤气的一座MIDREX的设备自1999年起一直良好运行至今。

9.4 The first use coal gasify to produce syngas for MIDREX ® plant is being built in last year in India
       世界首座采用煤制气生产DRI工厂已在印度建设
Midrex® has already realized the commercialoperation of MXCOL® technology after  almost twenty years research. 
米德雷克思经过二十多年的研究，已设计出煤制气生产直接还原铁工艺。Gasifier气化炉:Lurgi ®鲁齐Products产品:Hot DRI热直接还原铁 、Cold DRI 冷直接还原铁Hot DRI Transport热送类型:  Mechanical Conveyor 机械传送带Start-Up开炉时间: 2013Capacity产能:1.80 million tpy 180万吨/年。

9.5 Using coal gasify technology to produce DRI
煤制气用于生产直接还原铁工艺

10 MXCOL® The coal quality requirement of MXCOL ® process
       工艺对煤的质量要求
MXCOL ® was developed to use low cost coal(sub-bituminous, lignite), high ash coal (Ash content  from 15 to 45%) to produce a high quality reduction gas, which meet the requirement of the area where the natural gas is shortage or expensive.
MXCOL ®技术为使用低成本的煤炭（如次烟煤，褐煤等）来生产还原气体用于直接还原，煤的灰分适应范围高至45%。这一工艺是针对天然气不足的区域发展直接还原事业的最佳解决方案。

11 The energy consumption of MXCOL ® and traditional process
    MXCOL ®工艺与传统工艺流程的能耗
The total energy consumption of MXCOL ® technology is about 455～485kg standard coal/t DRI,  it is lower than the other direct reduction process and it is about 10～17% lower than traditional
BF(the average total energy consumption of iron making system is about 534 kg standard coal/t HM in the first half year of 2012).
MXCOL® 技术生产DRI的总能耗在455～485kg 标准煤/吨DRI,这比其它直接还原工艺的能耗低，比传统高焦烧炼铁工艺总能耗低10～17%（2012年上半年全国高炉系统的炼铁平均能耗在约534 kg 标准煤/t铁水）。
12 The emission of MXCOL and traditional process
MXCOL技术与传统工艺的排放比较
MXCOL ® technology can reduce CO2 emission by 15～20% and sulfurets by 70%, the  CO2 and sulfurets are removed from tail gas of the reduction shaft, the sulfurets of emission will be collected with the form of sulphur .
MXCOL® 技术能降低二氧化碳排放 15 ～ 20%， 降低硫化物排放70%。二氧化碳和硫化物从竖炉尾气中脱除出来，硫化物最终以硫单质的形态收集出来。

13 The feature of MXCOL ® technology
MXCOL ® 技术特点
MXCOL® are excellent solutions for China’s economic raw materials, energy and environmental challenges.
MXCOL®是极适合中国的原料，能源和环境条件的冶金工艺。
MXCOL® processes enable the use of domestic iron ore and energy resources.
MXCOL®工艺使得发挥本地经济铁矿及煤炭资源优势成为可能。
MXCOL® can provide a source of economical DRI for us in EAFs, BOFs and BFs, in either new or existing steel complexes.
MXCOL®能为电炉、转炉、高炉提供经济高质的DRI。
MXCOL® and MIDREX® process can help China meet the goals of the 12th Five Year Plan.
MXCOL® 和MIDREX®工艺能帮助中国向十二五目标更迈进一步。